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This is a mandatory appropriation. This means that Congress can’t reduce the appropriation without passing a new
law to do so.

There are no limits on how much the IRS can spend in any given year. The Biden administration plans to have the
IRS phase in the new spending by implementing no more than $1.5 billion the first year and gradually building up to
$15 billion by year 10.? The IRS is going to issue a detailed spending plan within six months.

Note that $35 billion of the new money is not for enforcement. Among other things, the IRS plans to use these
funds to update its antiquated IT systems (some of which date back to the 1960s), improve phone service, and
speed up the processing of paper tax returns.

Taxpayers should see improvements in IRS services relatively soon. Over the next six months the IRS plans to hire
5,000 additional phone representatives, fully staff every IRS Tax Assistance Center, and improve the processing of
paper returns by implementing scanning technology.

How Much Will the IRS Grow?

The IRS budget fell by 18.5 percent over the past decade, leading to a 20 percent decline in the agency's
workforce. As of 2021, the IRS had only 78,661 employees. By comparison, it had 90,290 employees in 2012 and
116,673 in 1992. Staff losses have been most significant for revenue officers, who collect taxes (a 50 percent
decline to 8,200), and revenue agents, who audit complex returns (a 35 percent decline).

Today, the IRS has fewer auditors than at any time since World War II.°

The IRS will be adding new employees, but not anywhere close to the 87,000 number bandied about in the media.
Much of the new hiring will just offset attrition. The IRS has an aged workforce and expects a whopping 35,000
employees to retire in the next six years, along with another 17,000 who'll leave before retirement. That’s 52,000
employees who'll need to be replaced.

Thus, the IRS needs to hire 8,600 new employees per year just to stay even over the next six years. If all goes

well, at the end of 10 years the IRS may grow by 20,000 to 30,000 employees, but it will still be smaller than it was
in 1992. But the number of revenue agents could increase to 17,000 by 2031—over twice as many as today.

Will Audits Increase?

In a word: yes. Treasury Secretary Yellen has promised that IRS audit rates will remain at “historical levels” for
taxpayers earning less than $400,000 per year.° “Historical levels” is an ambiguous term. Does it encompass the
audit levels of the past decade or so?

In 2010, audit rates were at 1 percent compared with the current historic lows of about 0.25 percent. Thus, audits
for those earning less than $400,000 could increase fourfold, albeit from a very low level.

In any event, audit rates will definitely rise for taxpayers earning more than $400,000 per year. This may take some
time. The investment in the IRS is expected to raise some $124 billion over the next 10 years.

Planning for the Restored IRS of the Future

If you earn $400,000 or more, your chances of being audited over the next five or 10 years will likely go up,
perhaps substantially.

You should keep complete and accurate records and file timely and complete tax returns. (Of course, this is
something you should do anyway.)

Here are a few special areas of concern.

Cryptocurrency

The first page of the draft Form 1040 for 2022 asks the following revised cryptocurrency question: “At any time
during 2022, did you (a) receive (as a reward, award, or compensation); or (b) sell, exchange, gift, or otherwise
dispose of a digital asset (or a financial interest in a digital asset)?”

When the IRS places a question about an asset on the first page of Form 1040, you know it’s a high-priority item.
You can expect increased IRS audits dealing with cryptocurrency transactions.

If you’re one of the millions of Americans who engage in such transactions, it’s important to keep good records and
report any income you earn. For detailed guidance, see IRS Focuses on Cryptocurrency: Are You Ready?

S Corporation Compensation

If you’re an S corporation shareholder-employee, you're likely saving on employment taxes by characterizing part
of your compensation as a corporate cash distribution rather than employee wages or bonus. The smaller your
salary, the more Social Security and Medicare tax you save.

You're supposed to pay yourself a reasonable employee salary. If the IRS concludes part of your distribution is
really a disguised salary payment, it can recharacterize it as salary and retroactively impose employment taxes,
penalties, and interest.

For over 20 years, the IRS has been officially concerned with S corporations paying their shareholder-employees
unreasonably low salaries. In the past, it threatened to increase audits of S corporations. But, doubtless due to
budget constraints, it never really happened. In 2018, the audit rates for S corporations were a minuscule 0.65 

percent.

This time it could be different. If the beefed-up IRS starts looking for low-hanging audit fruit to pick, S corporation
salaries would be a likely choice.

You should have your S corporation pay you an arguably reasonable salary and benefits, and document how you
arrived at the amount. For guidance, see Avoid Trouble: Don’t Let the IRS Set Your S Corporation Salary.

Syndicated Conservation Easements

One hot-button item for the IRS right now is syndicated conservation easements. Even in its currently reduced
state, the IRS has been fighting them tooth and nail. They are listed as one of the IRS’s dirty dozen tax scams for
2022. 

These are real estate partnerships that acquire land and donate the development rights to a qualified organization.
The investors in the partnerships then obtain a charitable deduction for the value of the easement. The promoters
of some of these deals have used wildly inflated appraisals to increase their tax benefits.

Some investors have claimed charitable deductions four times the amount of their investment. The IRS says that it
examines 100 percent of these deals and plans to continue doing so for the foreseeable future.

Note that there are other ways to benefit from a conservation easement. For example, you could donate, to a
qualified organization, development rights to a parcel of land that you own. For guidance, see Use a Conservation
Easement Donation to Create a $63,000 199A Deduction.

Offshore Accounts

U.S. citizens and residents are taxable on their worldwide income and are required to report foreign bank accounts
to the U.S. Treasury. Concealing assets in offshore accounts is another item on the IRS's list of dirty dozen tax
scams.

If you have more than $10,000 in one or more offshore accounts, you must file a Report of Foreign Bank and
Financial Account (FBAR) each year. Failure to do so can result in substantial penalties: $100,000 or 50 percent of
the total balance of the account per violation.

In recent years, the IRS has gone after both banks and bank account holders who hide assets in offshore accounts. In future years, we can expect the IRS to place even greater emphasis on identifying and tracking such offshore assets.

For guidance, see Does Your Foreign Bank Account Smell Like Offshore Tax Evasion to the IRS?

Business Partnerships

Partnerships and multi-member LLCs taxed as partnerships (which describes most of them) can expect increased
scrutiny from the IRS in the future.

Currently, partnerships are hardly ever audited. The partnership audit rate has been about 0.4 percent to 0.5
percent for many years.

The IRS's latest five-year strategic plan calls for an increased focus on business partnerships that make up a
disproportionate share of unpaid taxes.

The IRS began this process in late 2021 when it launched the Large Partnership Compliance (LPC) program, using
data analytics to select 2019-tax-year large partnership returns for audit. You can expect the IRS to devote more
resources to this program in the future.

Takeaways

The Inflation Reduction Act gives the IRS an additional $80 billion to spend over the next 10 years. Some $35
billion will be used to upgrade IRS operations, and $45 billion is earmarked for enforcement.

The IRS may grow by 20,000 to 30,000 employees by 2032, and the number of revenue officers who collect unpaid
taxes could more than double.

​The IRS promises that audits of taxpayers earning less than $400,000 per year will remain at historical levels. But
this could mean they increase by as much 400 percent over their current low levels.

Taxpayers who earn more than $400,000 will be in the IRS’s crosshairs in future years. Areas it is likely to focus on
include cryptocurrency, S corporation compensation, offshore accounts, syndicated conservation easements, and
business partnerships.

Pub, L. No. 117-169 (08/16/2022).
U.S. Department of the Treasury, “The American Families Plan Tax Compliance Agenda,” p. 16 (2021).
Ibid., p. 11.
IRS Commissioner Rettig written testimony before the House Ways and Means oversight subcommittee (Mar. 17, 2020), p. 3.
Remarks by Secretary of the Treasury Janet L. Yellen (Sept. 15, 2022).
IR-2022-125,